Title: Relating Target Hardening to Burglary Risk: Experiences from Liverpool. Relating Target Hardening to Burglary Risk: Experiences from Liverpool. 1.0 Introduction

This paper explores the relationship between the allocation of target hardening and burglary risk based on recent research in the City of Liverpool. Individual property-level data from a range of sources was collated for each residential property in the city using a unique property reference number. This produced a rich data set enabling burglary and target hardening activity to be analysed through time at both the individual property-level and across a variety of spatial units (e.g. super output areas, wards and regeneration areas). The results highlight an imperfect alignment between target hardening and burglary risk locations largely attributable to the influence of Liverpool’s area based regeneration initiatives. The paper makes the case for prioritising properties for target hardening based on a combination of the prior burglary history of individual properties, the burglary risk of an area, and existing levels of target hardening protection. Author Contact Details CSB 14 The Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield Huddersfield Queensgate HD1 3DH 1 Tel: +44 (0)1484 47 3837 Fax: +44 (0)1484 47 1825 email [email protected] 2 Tel: +44 (0)1484 47 3223 Fax: +44(0)1484 47 1825 email [email protected] 3 Tel: +44 (0)1484 47 3676 Fax: +44(0)1484 47 1825 email [email protected] Short Biographies Andrew Newton is a Senior Research Fellow at the Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield, which he joined in January 2005. He received his PhD from the University of Liverpool in 2004. His research has been funded by a range of organisations including the Home Office, the Department for Transport, Government Office for the North West, Merseyside Police and Merseytravel Passenger Transport Authority. His research interests include GIS and Crime Analysis; Crime on Public Transport; Alcohol Related Violence and Disorder; Environmental Criminology; Policy Analysis and Evaluation; Crime and Technology/Surveillance; Situational Crime Prevention; and Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods. Michelle Rogerson is a Senior Research Fellow at the Applied Criminology Centre, University of Huddersfield. Michelle joined the centre in 1998 from the Data Archive, University of Essex. She completed a BA in Sociology at Durham University and an MSc in Social Research Methods at the University of Surrey. Michelle is currently registered for her PhD on the prospective identification of emerging crime trends. Her research interests include: Technology, crime and crime prevention; Crime, fear of crime and quality of life; Regeneration and crime; and Repeat victimisation. Alex Hirschfield is Professor of Criminology and Director of the Applied Criminology Centre at the University of Huddersfield. His research interests include environmental criminology, situational and technological approaches to crime reduction, urban regeneration, policy evaluation and health impact assessment. He has secured research funding from ESRC, EPSRC the Home Office, Department of Health, Department of Transport, the Office of the Deputy Prime minister(ODPM) and numerous regeneration partnerships. His other research work is in public health and in 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the Faculty of Public Health.